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Extensive use of antibiotics led to significant pollution of agricultural fields through wastewater irrigation and manure application. they provoke damage to non-target organisms such as animals and plants. The main objective of this study was to gain insight into the correlation between the phytotoxic-genotoxic effects of four antibiotics(ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, sulphapyridine, and roxithromycin) and oxidative stress in Vicia faba.
Each antibiotic was assessed at three concentrations (1, 0.1, and 0.01 mg/ml). The findings reveal that these compounds impeded root elongation and seed germination for lettuce and alfalfa, resulting in germination indices below 80%. They also hindered bean development. Ciprofloxacin exhibited the highest level of phytotoxicity, followed by roxithromycin. Among the crop species, lettuce displayed heightened sensitivity to all the antibiotics tested. Regarding genotoxic effects at a concentration of 0.01 mg/ml, ciprofloxacin demonstrated a substantial impact, indicated by the induction of micronuclei. The descending order of genotoxicity was observed as follows: ciprofloxacin (8.4‰), enrofloxacin (6.9‰), roxithromycin (3.5‰), and sulphapyridine (1.8‰)potential impacts of four antibiotics on plant physiological growth
