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Description
This study aims to analyze the influence of environmental and climatic factors on the dynamics of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the province of Essaouira, where this disease remains a major public health issue. Conducted between 2020 and 2024, it is based on 984 suspected cases, combining clinical data, habitat characteristics, and meteorological variables (temperature, wind, humidity, precipitation). The analysis was conducted using logistic regression. The results show a marked prevalence in unsanitary living conditions (97.7%), with this factor being statistically associated with a significant increase in the risk of infection (p = 0.000). In terms of climate, temperature appears to be a significant key parameter (p = 0.021): moderate temperatures (between 10 and 20°C) are associated with a decrease in risk (OR = 0.484), while high temperatures are a risk factor. Moderate winds have a moderate protective effect compared to strong winds, and a similar trend is observed for low humidity levels, although not significant. Precipitation, on the other hand, did not show a significant impact on the distribution of cases. These results highlight the importance of integrating climate and living conditions into strategies to combat leishmaniasis, particularly through habitat improvement and strengthened epidemiological surveillance during critical periods.
