Speaker
Description
In a global context marked by the climate emergency and the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, the development of renewable energies has become a strategic priority. Morocco, engaged in an ambitious energy transition, is increasingly turning its attention to underutilized local resources, particularly geothermal energy. This study aims to assess the geothermal potential of the Essaouira Basin, located in southwestern Morocco, through an integrated methodological approach based on remote sensing, gravimetry, and hydrogeochemical analysis. The main objective is to detect and characterize geological structures favorable to the circulation of hot fluids, as well as to identify the physicochemical properties of aquifers within the basin. Satellite data were used to extract lineaments through image processing techniques (directional filtering, shading, contrast enhancement). These lineaments, representing fractures or faults, are preferential zones for the migration of geothermal fluids. Structural interpretation made it possible to delineate areas with a high density of lineaments, which are potentially associated with geothermal reservoirs. Complementary to this, a gravimetric survey was conducted to enhance the understanding of deep subsurface structures. Gravimetric data were processed to map local anomalies, which may correspond to density contrasts associated with faults, discontinuities, or geological depressions. The combined analysis of gravimetric and remote sensing data reinforced the identification of structural corridors likely to favor geothermal activity. In parallel, a hydrogeochemical analysis was carried out on waters from various aquifers in the Essaouira Basin. The goal was to evaluate the physicochemical quality of the waters, identify water–rock interactions, and obtain indirect indications of groundwater temperature and circulation at depth. The water samples analyzed came from natural springs, wells, and boreholes, and were subjected to basic analysis (pH, electrical conductivity, major ions) as well as a first interpretation using classical hydrogeochemical diagrams. These approaches aim to build a preliminary model of the geothermal system in the Essaouira Basin by identifying active geological structures and favorable zones for the development of a sustainable geothermal project. This work is part of a broader vision of promoting local energy resources within a framework of sustainable development, decarbonization, and climate change adaptation. Geothermal energy could play a central role in reducing dependency on fossil fuels, promoting clean and continuous energy, and strengthening the energy and climate resilience of the city of Essaouira and its surrounding region.
Keywords: Geothermal Energy; Essaouira Basin; Geoscientific Approach
